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List of female Nobel laureates
The Nobel Prizes are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institute, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals who make outstanding contributions in the fields of Chemistry, Physics, Literature, Peace, Physiology or Medicine and Economics.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = Nobel Foundation )〕 All but the economics prize were established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be administered by the Nobel Foundation. The Nobel prize in Economics, or The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden, for outstanding contributions in the field of Economics.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Nobel Prize )〕 Each prize is awarded by a separate committee; the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Economics, the Swedish Academy awards the Prize in Literature, the Karolinska Institute awards the Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Prize in Peace.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = Nobel Foundation )〕 Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a cash prize that has varied throughout the years.〔
As of 2014, Nobel Prizes have been awarded to 817 men, 47 women, 25 organizations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nobel Laureates Facts )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nobel Laureates Facts - Women )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nobel Laureates Facts - Organizations )〕 The first woman to win a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 with her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 )〕 Curie is also the only woman to have won multiple Nobel Prizes; in 1911, she won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Curie's daughter, Irène Joliot-Curie, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935, making the two the only mother-daughter pair to have won Nobel Prizes.〔 Sixteen women have won the Nobel Peace Prize, thirteen have won the Nobel Prize in Literature, twelve have won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, four have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, two have won the Nobel Prize in Physics and one, Elinor Ostrom, has won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.〔 The most Nobel Prizes awarded to women in a single year was in 2009, when five women became laureates. The most recent women to be awarded a Nobel Prize were Tu Youyou and Svetlana Alexievich (2015).
==Laureates==
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